Cold Weather Safety: Preparing for Winter Storms

Distress and Crisis Ontario

Cold Weather Safety: Preparing for Winter Storms

Winter storms can pose significant risks, but being well-prepared can make all the difference. This comprehensive guide will help you understand the dangers associated with extreme cold weather, including how to stay safe during winter storms and how to respond effectively.

Understanding the Risks of Winter Storms

Winter storms bring a variety of hazards, including extreme cold, heavy snowfall, and icy conditions. These elements can lead to frostbite, hypothermia, and vehicle accidents, among other dangers. Awareness of these risks and the steps to mitigate them is crucial for protecting yourself, your family, pets, and property.

The Impact of Extremely Cold Air

Extremely cold air affects millions of people each winter. This arctic air can be especially dangerous when combined with brisk winds, resulting in dangerous wind chill. Individuals exposed to extreme cold are at risk of frostbite and hypothermia, which can occur within minutes. Uncovered skin and extremities like hands and feet are particularly vulnerable to frostbite, while hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it.

Preparing for Cold Weather

To avoid frostbite and hypothermia, proactive planning is essential. Here are the key steps to take:

1. Monitor the Weather

Make checking the forecast a regular habit using reliable sources so you know when to expect cold weather.

2. Adjust Your Schedule

If possible, limit outdoor activities during the coldest parts of the day, typically early mornings. For children waiting for the school bus, ensure they have a warm place to stay.

3. Protect Pets, Livestock, and Property

Ensure pets and farm animals are sheltered from extreme cold and have access to unfrozen food and water. Additionally, take precautions to prevent water pipes from freezing, and be aware of the temperature thresholds for your plants.

4. Fill Up the Tank

Keep your vehicle’s gas tank at least half full during extreme cold to ensure warmth if you become stranded.

5. Dress Appropriately for the Outdoors

Even if you think you won’t spend much time outside, wear warm clothing, including layers, gloves, hats, sturdy boots, and jackets. Having an extra set of cold-weather clothing is always best.

6. Update Your Winter Car Survival Kit

Your car should be equipped with a winter survival kit that includes:

  • Jumper cables
  • Flares or a reflective triangle
  • Flashlights with extra batteries
  • A first aid kit
  • Baby gear, including diapers and special formula or food if you have a baby
  • Essential medical supplies
  • Non-perishable food, like canned goods and energy bars
  • At least 1 gallon of water per person per day for at least three days
  • A basic toolkit (pliers, wrench, screwdriver)
  • Pet food and water
  • A battery or hand-cranked radio
  • Cat litter or sand for better tire traction
  • A shovel for snow removal
  • An ice scraper (keep one in the car even if you park in a garage)
  • Warmers for body, hands, and feet
  • Blankets or sleeping bags for warmth if stranded
  • A charged cell phone and a spare charger

Safety During Winter Storms

Understanding Cold Weather Alerts

When facing extreme cold, it’s essential to be aware of the different weather alerts issued by authorities:

  • Cold Weather Advisory: Be Aware. This advisory is issued when seasonably cold air temperatures or wind chill values are expected or occurring. Dress appropriately and cover exposed skin when venturing outdoors.
  • Extreme Cold Watch: Be Prepared. This watch is issued when dangerously cold air temperatures or wind chill values are possible. Adjust your plans to avoid being outside during the coldest parts of the day.
  • Extreme Cold Warning: Take Action! This alert indicates that dangerously cold temperatures or wind chill values are expected or occurring. If you’re in this area, avoid going outside. Dress in layers, cover exposed skin, and ensure someone knows your whereabouts.

Freeze Watch vs. Warning and Frost Advisory

  • Frost Advisory: Be Aware. A Frost Advisory means areas of frost are expected or occurring, posing a threat to sensitive vegetation.
  • Freeze Watch: Be Prepared. This watch indicates the potential for widespread freezing temperatures within the next 24 to 36 hours.
  • Freeze Warning: Take Action! A Freeze Warning is issued when temperatures are forecasted to drop below 0°C for an extended period, threatening sensitive crops and plants

Winter Layering: Stay Safe and Warm

Dressing for winter is key to staying safe and comfortable. Follow these steps to ensure you stay warm and protected from the cold.

  1. Start with a moisture-wicking base layer that fits snugly to your skin to pull moisture away and keep you dry. 
  2.  Add an insulating layer like fleece or wool to trap your body heat.
  3. For the outer layer, go for something waterproof and windproof to protect you from the elements. 
  4. Don’t forget the accessories throw on a warm hat to cover your ears, a scarf to protect your neck, and some insulated mittens to keep your hands warm. 
  5. For your feet, thermal socks and sturdy, waterproof boots will keep them dry and cozy. Layering is key because it lets you adjust your clothes depending on how active you are and how cold it gets, so you can stay comfortable all winter long.

At Home and Work

During winter storms, you may face challenges such as loss of heat, power, and telephone service, as well as potential shortages of supplies if storm conditions persist. Here are essential items to have on hand:

  • Flashlight and Extra Batteries: Ensure you have a reliable light source.
  • Battery-Powered NOAA Weather Radio: This will help you receive emergency information.
  • Extra Food and Water: Stock up on non-perishable items like dried fruit, nuts, granola bars, and food that doesn’t require cooking or refrigeration. Aim for at least one gallon of water per person per day for at least three days.
  • Extra Prescription Medicine: Keep a supply of essential medications.
  • Baby Items: If applicable, include diapers, formula, and other baby supplies.
  • First-Aid Supplies: Have a comprehensive first-aid kit ready.
  • Heating Fuel: Ensure you refill before running low; fuel suppliers may not reach you for days after a storm.
  • Emergency Heat Source: Consider a fireplace, wood stove, or properly ventilated space heater. Always have a fire extinguisher and smoke alarms; test alarms monthly.
  • Extra Pet Food and Warm Shelter for Pets: Ensure your pets are safe and have sufficient food.
  • Generator Safety: If you use a generator, never run it in enclosed spaces. Make sure your carbon monoxide detector is functioning correctly and that vents are clear of snow and debris.

Driving Safety

Each year, winter weather contributes to thousands of vehicle crashes, injuries, and fatalities. If you must drive in snow or cold conditions, remember to:

  • Drive Slowly: Take your time, especially on slick roads. Black ice can be difficult to see, so exercise caution.
  • Prepare Your Vehicle: Before leaving, check fluid levels and the condition of your lights, heater, and windshield wipers. Keep your gas tank near full to prevent ice in the fuel lines.
  • Travel with a Plan: Avoid traveling alone, and let someone know your timetable and routes. 
  • Winterize Your Vehicle: Ensure your vehicle is ready for winter and carry a Winter Storm Survival Kit as listed previously.

Hypothermia and Frostbite Prevention

Understanding the symptoms and prevention methods for hypothermia and frostbite is crucial during extreme cold.

Hypothermia

Hypothermia occurs when the body temperature drops below 35°C. It can happen even in temperatures as mild as 15°C, especially if you’re wet or exposed for long periods.

Signs of Hypothermia:

  • Shivering
  • Confusion or memory loss
  • Fatigue
  • Slurred speech
  • Drowsiness

To Prevent Hypothermia:

  • Dress in layers and wear a warm hat and gloves.
  • Stay indoors during extreme cold and avoid drafts.
  • Consume nutritious meals and drink warm liquids.
  • Check on vulnerable neighbors or family members regularly.

If you suspect someone has hypothermia, move them to a heated area and warm the center of their body first. Seek medical attention if their body temperature is 95°F or lower.

Frostbite

Frostbite can develop within minutes, particularly on extremities like fingers, toes, ears, and nose.

Signs of Frostbite:

  • Redness or pain in the affected area
  • White or grayish-yellow skin
  • Firm or waxy skin
  • Numbness

To Prevent Frostbite:

  • Cover all exposed skin.
  • Stay protected from the wind and keep your skin dry.
  • Stay hydrated and avoid alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco, which can restrict blood flow.

Frostbite First Aid:

  • Get indoors immediately.
  • Do not rub the affected areas.
  • Use body heat to warm the extremities gently.
  • Seek medical help if the skin appears blue, gray, or swollen.

Essential Tasks After Cold Weather Passes

After a winter storm, certain tasks should be prioritized:

Check Your Pipes

Frozen pipes are common. If you suspect freezing, turn on the faucet to allow water to drip as you warm the pipes. Heat the pipes using a space heater, heating pad, electric hair dryer, or hot water on a cloth. Never use an open flame. Continue heating the pipes until water pressure returns to normal, or call a plumber if you encounter further issues.

Salt Your Walkways

Once temperatures rise and conditions improve, it’s crucial to clear your walkways and driveways. Shovel the snow from your sidewalks and driveway, or sprinkle salt on icy areas to facilitate melting. If there is a thick layer of snow that you cannot remove, applying salt can help manage the situation. Be particularly cautious with stairs leading into your home, as even a quarter inch of ice can be hazardous.

Call Your Neighbors

Check on your neighbors, especially those who are elderly, disabled, or living alone. Ensure they are safe and have what they need. After extreme cold conditions, cases of frostbite and hypothermia can be common, particularly among vulnerable populations.

Refill Your Supplies

Even as one cold event passes, another may be on the horizon. It’s important to restock your supplies and ensure that you are prepared for future storms. This includes food, water, medications, and other essentials.

Conclusion

Being prepared for winter storms is vital to ensuring your safety and well-being during extreme cold weather. By monitoring weather conditions, adjusting your schedule, protecting your pets, and maintaining your home and vehicle, you can significantly reduce the risks associated with winter storms. Understanding the dangers of hypothermia and frostbite, along with their prevention and first aid measures, can further enhance your safety. After a storm, taking the necessary steps to check your home and community will help you and your neighbors recover and stay safe. Stay informed, stay warm, and prioritize safety to navigate the challenges of winter weather successfully.

Cold Weather Safety: Warming Centres Across Ontario

Extreme cold weather poses significant risks, especially for vulnerable populations. Communities across Ontario have set up warming centres to provide safe, warm spaces during severe weather conditions. Below is a list of some of the warming centres and libraries offering respite across various regions. If your area is not listed, please refer to your city’s webpage for additional information.

Ajax Libraries and Warming Centres

Ajax Public Library

  • Main Branch
    • Hours: Monday to Friday: 9 a.m. – 9 p.m.; Saturday: 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.; Sunday: 11 a.m. – 5 p.m.
  • Audley Branch
    • Hours: Monday to Friday: 9 a.m. – 9 p.m.; Saturday: 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.; Sunday: 11 a.m. – 5 p.m.
  • McLean Branch
    • Hours: Monday to Friday: 9 a.m. – 9 p.m.; Saturday: 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.; Sunday: 11 a.m. – 5 p.m.

Overnight Warming Centre

  • Christian Faith Outreach Centre: Ajax Hub
    • Hours: 24/7 (drop-in)
    • Address: 125 Commercial Ave., Ajax
    • Phone: (905) 619-1918
    • Criteria: 18+, all genders, pet-friendly
    • Capacity: 25+ spaces

Kitchener Warming Centres

Community Centres (Open during regular hours)

  • Bridgeport Community Centre
  • Centreville Chicopee Community Centre
  • Chandler Mowat Community Centre
  • Country Hills Community Centre
  • Doon Pioneer Park Community Centre
  • Forest Heights Community Centre
  • Huron Community Centre
  • Kingsdale Community Centre
  • Stanley Park Community Centre
  • Victoria Hills Community Centre

Arenas

  • The Aud (400 East Avenue)
    • Hours: Monday to Friday: 9 a.m. – 4 p.m.; Saturday and Sunday: 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.; Holidays: Closed
  • Activa Sportsplex (135 Lennox Lewis Way)
    • Hours: Monday to Sunday: 8 a.m. – 7 p.m.; Holidays: Closed
  • Sportsworld Arena (35 Sportsworld Crossing Road)
    • Hours: Monday to Sunday: 8 a.m. – 8 p.m.

Pools

  • Breithaupt Centre
  • Lyle Hallman Pool

London Warming Centres (During Extreme Cold Alerts)

Community Centres

  • East Lions Community Centre
    • Address: 1731 Churchill Avenue
    • Hours: During extreme cold weather alerts, open during regular operating hours
  • North London Optimist Community Centre
    • Address: 1345 Cheapside Street
    • Hours: During extreme cold weather alerts, open during regular operating hours
  • South London Community Centre
    • Address: 1119 Jalna Boulevard
    • Hours: During extreme cold weather alerts, open during regular operating hours
  • Canada Games Aquatic Centre
    • Address: 1045 Wonderland Rd N
    • Hours: During extreme cold weather alerts, open during regular operating hours
  • Carling Heights Optimist Community Centre
    • Address: 656 Elizabeth Street
    • Hours: During extreme cold weather alerts, open during regular operating hours

Libraries

  • Central Branch
    • Address: 251 Dundas Street
    • Hours: Monday-Thursday: 9 a.m.-9 p.m.; Friday: 10 a.m.-6 p.m.; Saturday: 9 a.m.-5 p.m.
  • Branch Locations
    • Hours: Tuesday-Saturday (Hours vary by location, check for details online)

Barrie and Surrounding Areas

Barrie Warming Centres

  • The Salvation Army Barrie
    • Address: 16 Bayfield Street
    • Phone: 705-728-3737
    • Hours: Overnight only (8:00 p.m. – 8:00 a.m.)
  • Barrie East (Blake St.) Warming Centre
    • Address: 445 Blake Street
    • Phone: 705-725-8269
    • Hours: Daytime and overnight; Pet-friendly
  • Barrie Central (Tiffin St.) Warming Centre
    • Address: 113 Tiffin Street
    • Phone: 705-739-2266
    • Hours: Daytime and overnight

Bradford Warming Centre

  • WOW Living – Out of the Cold Café
    • Address: 177 Church Street
    • Phone: 365-828-0224
    • Hours: Daytime (10:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m.); Overnight (9:00 p.m. – 8:00 a.m.)

Wasaga Beach Warming Centre

  • Faith Missionary Church
    • Address: 1355 River Road West
    • Phone: 705-429-2059
    • Hours: Up to seven days per week when activated; Overnight (8:30 p.m. – 8:30 a.m.)

Orillia Warming Centre

  • Lighthouse – Orillia Community Church
    • Address: 64 Colborne Street
    • Phone: 705-329-2265
    • Hours: Overnight only (9:00 p.m. – 7:00 a.m.)

Bibliography

Town of Ajax. (n.d.). Warming centres. Retrieved from https://www.ajax.ca/en/town-of-ajax-warming-centres.aspx

National Weather Service. (n.d.). Cold weather safety tips. Retrieved from https://www.weather.gov/safety/cold-after

City of Toronto. (n.d.). Warming centres. Retrieved from https://www.toronto.ca/community-people/housing-shelter/homeless-help/toronto-warming-centres/

City of London. (n.d.). Warming centres. Retrieved from https://london.ca/warming-centres

City of Kitchener. (n.d.). Warming centres. Retrieved from https://www.kitchener.ca/en/living-in-kitchener/warming-centres.aspx

Public Safety Canada. (2011). Extreme cold weather safety tips. Retrieved from https://www.getprepared.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/sfttps/tp201101-en.aspx

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